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    August 15

    《赤壁》——国家民族寓言的想象解读(2)

    我看了一些网友对《赤壁》的批评,批评主要集中在电影剧本对原著的改编上。我想大部分观众,尤其是大陆观众,绝大部分更认同罗贯中的《三国演义》对这段历史的描述。其实正如吴宇森在访谈中回应的,演义本来就是文学作品,与历史就是有一定距离的。况且绝对历史的真相本来也是模糊的,正向意大利所说,“所有的历史都是当代史”,历史在被变成文字,印刷出版后,已经被赋予了当代的意识形态。电视剧版的《三国》正是因为由于力求忠于原著,使得它作为一个可供读解的文本,显得封闭起来。那么吴宇森协同了各地华人英才花巨大精力时间改编的剧本是不是就是开放的呢?我想是的。

     

    剧本对原作改编的主要有:将众所周知的周瑜嫉妒诸葛亮,两人之间的个人恩怨被完全删去。这使得故事中的情节冲突被淡化,使影片得以走出通俗剧的情感模式;人物被陌生化处理,如诸葛亮口中说出的现代语汇,使得观众在观看时,可以从具体人物中抽离,展开自己的独立思考;孙尚香的“匹女有责”和“我不愿成为男人的棋子,被摆来摆去”,让传统剧中被边缘化的女性角色,被附加了政治上求得平等,婚姻上追求独立的现代女性思想。

     

    吴宇森之所以能在处理这段中国人熟知的历史时如此大胆,我想正是他的“他者”身份。出身于英国殖民地的香港,后来由进入好莱坞发展,虽然回到中国拍片,但他始终是中国文化的“他者”。这种身份,让他在拍摄这样的历史事件时,得以保持一种大陆导演不具备的距离感。再加上电影的多方投资,解决的不同于“主旋律”电影,被加以国家意识形态控制的可能。也使得“香港回归”、“一个中国”、“台湾独立”这些当代历史关键词,放在“三国”这1000多年前的历史境遇中读解,有了可能。

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