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    August 18

    《赤壁》——国家民族寓言的想象解读(3)

    《赤壁》在我看不是一部纯粹的娱乐片,是在于它提供了一种多义阐释的空间,尤其是放在近当代的华人政治文化语境中解读。赤壁大战发生在东汉末年,照道理说皇帝只有一个,怎么会变成“三国”呢,我们发现三国各自的叙述发现很有意味:刘备称曹操是“狭天子以令诸侯”,是叛贼;曹操称刘备是不顺的逆贼,要加以讨伐。这里作为国家的代表,皇帝反而被悬置了,他竟然没有了自己的话语权。这让人想起了近代中国,皇帝被废止后,意识形态发生了混乱。三民主义后又有共产主义。蒋介石作为三民主义的继承者,认为自己是代表国家利益可以行使职权的。毛泽东作为共产主义的代表,也认为自己是代表最广大中国人民的利益的。蒋称毛是“共匪”,毛称蒋是“反动派”。互相将对方妖魔化,从而以正义的代表去铲除对方。这个问题持续了半个多世纪,以至国民党退守台湾,还不忘“光复”大陆,而共产党也时刻准备“解放”台湾。两支力量对垒,并做着不同的叙述。
     
    回到电影,我们看刘备的出场,摄影机居然是一个不但没有给予仰视的特写出现,甚至连平视角度也没有,而是从一个略高于他身体位置的俯视镜头交代出来。人物也是混杂在人群中。的确,他完全下到了基层,融入到了群众之中,如果不是之前从演员表知道尤勇来扮演的,我们甚至会误认为是哪个村官马夫。虽然但他有皇叔的身份,从血统论上具有了作为政权统治者的合法性。而且他有兵马,也就是部分国家机器。而且与曹操的独裁专制来比,他的形象非常亲民,不管是否是一种政治策略。这种叙述已经深入人心。电影中刘备的出场可以看出来,刘备看起来没有曹操那样的政治统帅气魄的,但他的群众路线,使他具有很强的群众基础,赵关张三位大将拜都倒在他脚下,就是出于他那独特的个人魅力和情操。如关羽告诉周瑜说的,他们兄弟的草鞋都是哥哥亲手编的那样。他不靠武力征服别人,而是靠感情。关羽说,只要刘备到哪里,就有了支持他的军队和人民。

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